PHILADELPHIA REFLECTIONS
Musings of a Philadelphia Physician who has served the community for six decades

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Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation were written by John Dickinson. For thirteen years the country was ruled by them, and by Philadelphia. We learned many lessons during that episode, but begin to forget we learned them.

Legal Philadelphia
The American legal profession grew up in this town, creating institutions and traditions that set the style for everyone else. Boston, New York and Washington have lots of influential lawyers, but Philadelphia shapes the legal profession.

The Constitution
The Constitution was not just a paper written at a convention. It was a choice between uncertain alternatives, and new difficulties soon were revealed by making those choices. Its reliance on compromise displays the powerful influence of 18th Century Quaker Philadelphia.

Philadelphia Economics
economics

Whither, Federal Reserve? (2)
Whither, Federal Reserve? (2)

Federalism Slowly Conquers the States
Thirteen sovereign colonies voluntarily combined their power for the common good. But for two hundred years, the new federal government kept taking more power for itself.

U.S. and E.U. Exchange Experiences (2)

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America can learn about itself from the E.U. {bottom quote}

To see the economic power of unifying the currencies of Europe, and the political attractiveness of its results among the people of those countries, makes it suddenly more clear why our own Civil War is so often said to be about the Union and not about slavery. Unlike our grandfathers in the Civil War, we take the benefits of free interstate commerce for granted, while for them it was still a demonstrated achievement. Lincoln for example, was an ardent Whig, which in those days meant an advocate of helping commerce by the intervention of government. There is even a shadow of present concern that Americans will have so forgotten the lessons of free interstate commerce that they might somehow surrender it for some other blandishment. Certainly, free international trade has its enemies. The abolition of slavery was of course an overdue achievement, too, but perhaps our long slog toward equal rights has allowed this second crusade to overshadow the history of what really was the main one. In case anyone feels impelled to start a quarrel about this viewpoint, let me remind him that Quakers started the abolition movement, right here in Philadelphia, and have nothing to apologize about.

Going further back, we got our Constitution more or less right before we convinced the public of the economic benefits of unification; eventually we got a bad Civil War. The Europeans learned that complicated words in a Constitution have consequences, suspiciously loaded the proposed document with interminable conditions, and eventually rejected it. It's an old political trap that a proposal so loaded with attractions will often gather more opposition from objectors to multiple small points than proponents for the big points. Keep it simple, senor. If you expect men to die for that document, they have to be able to recite it. If you must make it complicated, just appoint a Supreme Court and wait a little.

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